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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a vital hormone produced by the pituitary gland, a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It plays a crucial role in the reproductive system, particularly in the regulation of menstrual cycles and sperm production. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, which are fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries that contain immature eggs. As follicles mature, they release estrogen, a hormone that prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. Additionally, FSH is essential for triggering ovulation, the release of a mature egg from the ovary, during the menstrual cycle. In males, FSH stimulates the production of sperm cells (spermatogenesis) in the testes. It acts on specialized cells called Sertoli cells within the testes, promoting the maturation of sperm and supporting their development.
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